Synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies of S-alkylated 5-[4methoxyphenyl]-4-phenyl-4H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thiols as cholinesterase inhibitors

The research was aimed to unravel the enzymatic potential of sequentially transformed new triazoles by chemically converting 4-methoxybenzoic acid via Fischer's esterification to 4-methoxybenzoate which underwent hydrazinolysis and the corresponding hydrazide [1] was cyclized with phenyl isothiocyanate [2] via 2-[4methoxybenzoyl]-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide [3]; an intermediate to 5-[4-methoxyphenyl]-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4triazol-3-thiol [4]. The electrophiles; alkyl halides 5[a-g] were further reacted with nucleophilic S-atom to attain a series of S-alkylated 5-[4-methoxyphenyl]-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols 6[a-g]. Characterization of synthesized compounds was accomplished by contemporary spectral techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EI-MS. Excellent cholinesterase inhibitory potential was portrayed by 3-[n-heptylthio]-5-[4-methoxyphenyl]-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4triazole; 6g against AChE [IC50; 38.35 +/- 0.62?M] and BChE [IC50; 147.75 +/- 0.67micro M] enzymes. Eserine [IC50; 0.04 +/- 0.01?M] was used as reference standard. Anti-proliferative activity results ascertained that derivative encompassing long straight chain substituted at S-atom of the moiety was the most potent with 4.96 % cell viability [6g] at 25 micro M and with 2.41% cell viability at 50?M among library of synthesized derivatives. In silico analysis also substantiated the bioactivity statistics

Outcome of AO external fixator for open tibial fractures

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the outcome of open tibial shaft fiactures [Gustilo IIWB] with A0 External Fixator and to document complications. Perspective study. This study was conducted at DHQ teaching Hospital, Gujranwala and at Fazil Memorial Hospital, Gujranwala from November 2010 to November 2012. 50 patients with open tibial shaft fractures were treated with AO External Fixator. Open fractures were classified according to Gustilo Anderson Criteria and wounds with EIA and IIIB were selected. Outcome was determined by the rate of union, while nonunion, pin tract infection, pin loosening and osteomylitis were recorded as complications. The follow up period was 08 months. Out of fifty cases of open tibial shaft fractures, 38 [76%] were men and 12 [24%] were Ladies. Mean age was 35.2 [8-67], 22 [44%] had Gustilo IIIB wound while 28 [56%] had Gustilo IIIA injuries. Pin tract infection and pin loosening rate were 12% and 16% respectively. Nonunion was seen in 10% of the cases. In 41 [82%] of the cases fracture united and average union time was about 26.5 weeks. No case of osteomylitis seen. External Fixator is simple and effective treatment for open tibial fractures

Comparison of surgically induced astigmatism in phacoemulsification with 5.5 mm superior vs. temporal incision

To compare the effect of superior versus temporal limbal incision on surgically induced astigmatism [SI A] in phacoemulsification with 5.5 mm rigid intraocular lens [IOL]. Department of Ophthalmology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2006 to December 2006. A total of 100 patients undergoing phacoemulsification with posterior chamber [PC] IOL comprise the study. They were randomly allocated to two groups i.e. Group 1 [superior limbal incision] and Group 2 [temporal limbal incision]. 5.5 mm limbal incisions were given in superior and temporal meridians.All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon. All patients had autokeratometry preoperatively and post operatively [4 weeks and 8 weeks]. Surgically induced astigmatism was measured by using vector subtraction method ignoring the axis. Statistical analysis was done by using paired sample T test. After 8 weeks Group One had 1.41 diopters of SI A and patients of Group Two had mean SI A of 1.03 D. The difference was statistically significant with p value of 0.002. Temporal incision is associated with significantly less surgically induced astigmatism than superior limbal incision